電力系統(tǒng)分析與設(shè)計(jì)英文改編版原書(shū)第4版

出版說(shuō)明

序

前言

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

CHAPTER 2 Fundamentals

CHAPTER 3 Power Transformers

CHAPTER 4 Transmission Parameters

CHAPTER 5 Transmission Lines:Steady-state Operation

CHAPTER 6 Power Flows

CHAPTER 7 Symmetrical Faults

CHAPTER 8 Symmetrical Compoments

CHAPTER 9 Unsymmetrical Faults

CHAPTER 10 System Protection

CHAPTER 11 Power System Controls

CHAPTER 12 Transmission Lines: Transient Operation

CHAPTER 13 Transient Stability

CHAPTER 14 Extended

Appendix2100433B

本書(shū)主要介紹電力市場(chǎng)環(huán)境下電力系統(tǒng)的一些問(wèn)題等。

在電力系統(tǒng)的歷史回顧和未來(lái)趨勢(shì)的展望的序言后，第二章幫助學(xué)生對(duì)之前的術(shù)語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要的回顧。本章回顧了相位的概念、功率、以及單相和三相電路。第3章到第5章研究了電力變壓器，包括獨(dú)立系統(tǒng)、傳輸線參數(shù)以及傳輸線的穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行。第6章研究了潮流計(jì)算，包括牛頓-拉夫遜法、風(fēng)力發(fā)電的潮流建模、經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度以及優(yōu)化潮流。這幾章提供了對(duì)電力系統(tǒng)在三相平衡、穩(wěn)態(tài)和正常運(yùn)行下的基本理解。第7章到第10章則介紹了在常規(guī)電力系統(tǒng)短路保護(hù)下的對(duì)稱(chēng)故障、對(duì)稱(chēng)參數(shù)、不對(duì)稱(chēng)故障以及系統(tǒng)保護(hù)。第11章研究了暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性，包括搖擺方程式、等面積法則、以及考慮風(fēng)力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的多機(jī)穩(wěn)定性。第12章介紹了電力系統(tǒng)控制，包括發(fā)電機(jī)電壓控制、渦輪調(diào)速機(jī)控制、以及載荷頻率控制。

《時(shí)代教育·國(guó)外高校優(yōu)秀教材精選·交通工程（基礎(chǔ)）（英文版·原書(shū)第3版）》是美國(guó)英文原版教材，由Pearson Education公司2004年出版第3版。原版教材共27章，除第1章交通工程概述外分為4個(gè)部分：交通系統(tǒng)組成及其特性、交通研究及要點(diǎn)、高速公路和鄉(xiāng)村公路系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用、城市道路系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用?？紤]到中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況，我們將第1章及前兩部分作為基礎(chǔ)分冊(cè)，而后兩部分作為應(yīng)用分冊(cè)，兩分冊(cè)分別出版，而且征得原版作者和出版公司的同意，在部分章后補(bǔ)充了相應(yīng)的中國(guó)交通現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展。交通工程學(xué)是典型的新興交叉學(xué)科，交通工程作為國(guó)家的“生命血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)”涵蓋了廣泛的工程應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。這兩個(gè)分冊(cè)均可作為高等學(xué)校交通類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)的教材，也可供從事交通運(yùn)輸工程領(lǐng)域的研究人員及工程技術(shù)人員學(xué)習(xí)參考。

《時(shí)代教育·國(guó)外高校優(yōu)秀教材精選·交通工程（基礎(chǔ)）（英文版·原書(shū)第3版）》為基礎(chǔ)分冊(cè)，內(nèi)容包括交通工程概述、道路使用者和車(chē)輛特性、道路及其幾何特性、交通控制裝置概述、交通流特性、智能運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)、統(tǒng)計(jì)在交通工程中的應(yīng)用、交通量研究及特性、速度和運(yùn)行時(shí)間及延誤研究、交通事故研究和統(tǒng)計(jì)、停車(chē)特性及設(shè)施等。

Contents

Preface iii

ChAPTER 1 Introduction 1

Case Study: How the Free Market Rocked the Grid 2

1.1History of Electric Power Systems 10

1.2Present and Future Trends 17

1.3Electric Utility Industry Structure 20

1.4Computers in Power System Engineering 21

1.5PowerWorld Simulator 22

ChAPTER 2 Fundamentals 29

Case Study: Key Connections 30

2.1Phasors 38

2.2Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase AC Circuits 40

2.3Complex Power 45

2.4Network Equations 50

2.5Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 53

2.6Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 61

2.7Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems 66

ChAPTER 3 Power Transformers 69

Case Study: Power Transformers—Life Management and Extension 70

3.1The Ideal Transformer 77

3.2Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers 83

3.3 The Per-Unit System 89

ChAPTER 4

3.4Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift 97

3.5Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers 102

3.6Three-Winding Transformers 107

3.7Autotransformers 111

3.8Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios 113

Transmission Line Parameters 123

Case Study: Integrating North America’s Power Grid 124 Case Study: Grid Congestion - Unclogging the Arteries

of North America’s Power Grid 129

4.1Transmission Line Design Considerations 135

4.2Resistance 140

4.3Conductance 143

4.4Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 143

4.5Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing 148

4.6Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors 150

4.7Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return 158

4.8Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor 163

4.9Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing 166

4.10Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors 168

4.11Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return 172

4.12Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level 177

4.13Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines 180

Contents

ChAPTER 5 Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation 183

Case Study: The ABCs of HVDC Transmission Technologies: An Overview of High Voltage Direct Current Systems and Applications 184

5.1Medium and Short Line Approximations 204

5.2Transmission-Line Differential Equations 211

5.3Equivalent p Circuit 217

5.4Lossless Lines 220

5.5Maximum Power Flow 228

5.6Line Loadability 230

5.7Reactive Compensation Techniques 235

ChAPTER 6 Power Flows 241

Case Study: Finding Flexibility—Cycling the Conventional Fleet 242

6.1Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination 262

6.2Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel 266

6.3Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson 272

6.4The Power Flow Problem 277

6.5Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel 283

6.6Power Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson 285

6.7Control of Power Flow 295

6.8Sparsity Techniques 301

6.9Fast Decoupled Power Flow 304

6.10The “DC” Power Flow 304

6.11Power Flow Modeling of Wind Generation 306

6.12Economic Dispatch 308

6.13Optimal Power Flow 321

ChAPTER 7 Symmetrical Faults 325

Case Study: Short-Circuit Modeling of a Wind Power Plant 326

7.1Series R–L Circuit Transients 345

7.2Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine 348

ChAPTER 8

ChAPTER 9

ChAPTER 10

7.3Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits 352

7.4Bus Impedance Matrix 355

7.5Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection 365

Symmetrical Components 373

Case Study: Technological Progress in High-Voltage Gas-Insulated Substations 374

8.1Definition of Symmetrical Components 391

8.2Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads 397

8.3Sequence Networks of Series Impedances 404

8.4Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines 406

8.5Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines 408

8.6Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers 414

8.7Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers 420

8.8Power in Sequence Networks 422

Unsymmetrical Faults 425

Case Study: Innovative Medium Voltage Switchgear for Today’s Applications 426

9.1System Representation 433

9.2Single Line-to-Ground Fault 439

9.3Line-to-Line Fault 443

9.4Double Line-to-Ground Fault 446

9.5Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices 453

Transient Stability 463

Case Study: Down, but Not Out 465

10.1The Swing Equation 483

10.2Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents 489

10.3The Equal-Area Criterion 491

10.4Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation 501

10.5Multimachine Stability 505

10.6A Two-Axis Synchronous Machine Model 513

Contentsxiii

10.7Wind Turbine Machine Models 518

10.8Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability 524

ChAPTER 11 Power System Controls 527

Case Study: No Light in August: Power System Restoration Following the 2003 North American Blackout 530

11.1Generator-Voltage Control 545

11.2Turbine-Governor Control 549

11.3Load-Frequency Control 555

Appendix 561

目　錄

前言vi

第1章引言1

1.1

電力系統(tǒng)的歷史10

1.2

現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)17

1.3

電力工業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu)20

1.4

計(jì)算機(jī)在電力系統(tǒng)工程中的應(yīng)用21

1.5

PowerWorld Simulator仿真軟件22

第2章基礎(chǔ)29

2.1

相量38

2.2

單相交流電路的瞬時(shí)功率40

2.3

復(fù)功率45

2.4

網(wǎng)絡(luò)方程50

2.5

三相平衡電路53

2.6

三相平衡電路的功率61

2.7

三相平衡電路與單相電路的比較優(yōu)勢(shì)66

第3章電力變壓器69

3.1

理想變壓器77

3.2

實(shí)際變壓器的等效電路83

3.3

標(biāo)幺制89

3.4

三相變壓器的連接和移相器97

3.5

三相雙繞組變壓器的標(biāo)幺值等效電路102

3.6

三繞組變壓器107

3.7

自耦變壓器111

3.8

非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)變比變壓器113

目　錄xv

第4章輸電線路參數(shù)123

4.1

輸電線路設(shè)計(jì)的考慮因素135

4.2

電阻140

4.3

電導(dǎo)143

4.4

電感：實(shí)心圓柱導(dǎo)體143

4.5

電感：?jiǎn)蜗鄡删€和三相三線等相間距148

4.6

電感：復(fù)合導(dǎo)體、不等相間距、分裂導(dǎo)線150

4.7

串聯(lián)阻抗：中性導(dǎo)體和接地回路的三相導(dǎo)線158

4.8

電場(chǎng)和電壓：實(shí)心圓柱導(dǎo)體163

4.9

電容：?jiǎn)蜗鄡删€和三相三線等相間距166

4.10

電容：絞線、不相等的相間距、分裂導(dǎo)線168

4.11

并聯(lián)導(dǎo)納：線與中性導(dǎo)體和接地回路172

4.12

導(dǎo)體表面和大地的電場(chǎng)強(qiáng)度177

4.13

雙回路三相線路180

第5章輸電線路：穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行183

5.1

中等和短線路的等效模型204

5.2

輸電線路的微分方程211

5.3

π型等效電路217

5.4

無(wú)損線路220

5.5

最大潮流228

5.6

線路的負(fù)載能力230

5.7

無(wú)功補(bǔ)償技術(shù)235

第6章潮流241

6.1

對(duì)線性代數(shù)方程組的直接解決方法：高斯消元法262

6.2

線性代數(shù)方程組的迭代解法：雅可比和高斯-賽德?tīng)柕?66

6.3

非線性代數(shù)方程組的迭代解法：牛頓-拉夫遜法272

6.4

潮流問(wèn)題277

6.5

高斯-賽德?tīng)柕ㄓ?jì)算潮流283

6.6

牛頓-拉夫遜法計(jì)算潮流285

6.7

潮流控制295

6.8

稀疏技術(shù)301

6.9

快速分解法304

6.10

直流潮流304

6.11

風(fēng)機(jī)潮流建模306

6.12

經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)度308

6.13

最優(yōu)潮流321

第7章對(duì)稱(chēng)故障325

7.1

R-L串聯(lián)電路的暫態(tài)345

7.2

空載同步發(fā)電機(jī)三相短路348

7.3

電力系統(tǒng)三相短路352

7.4

節(jié)點(diǎn)阻抗矩陣355

7.5

斷路器和熔斷器的選擇365

第8章對(duì)稱(chēng)分量373

8.1

對(duì)稱(chēng)分量的定義391

8.2

阻抗負(fù)荷的序網(wǎng)絡(luò)397

8.3

串聯(lián)阻抗的序網(wǎng)絡(luò)404

8.4

三相線路的序網(wǎng)絡(luò)406

8.5

旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)的序網(wǎng)絡(luò)408

8.6

三相雙繞組變壓器的標(biāo)幺序網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型414

8.7

三相三繞組變壓器的標(biāo)幺序網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型420

8.8

序網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的功率422

第9章不對(duì)稱(chēng)故障425

9.1

電力系統(tǒng)的表示433

9.2

單相接地故障439

9.3

相間故障443

9.4

兩相接地故障446

9.5

節(jié)點(diǎn)序阻抗矩陣453

第10章暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定463

10.1

轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動(dòng)方程483

10.2

同步電機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)化模型和系統(tǒng)等效 489

10.3

等面積定則491

10.4

轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)動(dòng)方程的數(shù)值積分501

10.5

多機(jī)穩(wěn)定性505

10.6

雙軸同步電機(jī)模型513

10.7

風(fēng)機(jī)模型518

10.8

提高暫態(tài)穩(wěn)定性的方法524

目　錄xvii

第11章電力系統(tǒng)控制527

11.1

發(fā)電機(jī)-電壓控制545

11.2

汽輪機(jī)-調(diào)速器控制549

11.3

負(fù)荷-頻率控制555

附錄5612100433B