智能結構裝置及結構電子系統(tǒng)設計

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO SMART MATERIALS/1

1.1 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS/2

1.2 SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS/4

1.3 ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS/7

1.4 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS/8

1.5 ELECTRO-AND MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS/9

1.6 POLYELECTROLYTE GELS/11

1.7 PYROELECTRIC MATERIALS/12

1.8 OPTO-ELECTRO/MAGNETO MATERIALS/13

1.8.1 Photostrictive Materials/13

1.8.2 Photoferroelectric Materials/15

1.8.3 Magneto-optical Materials/16

1.9 SUMMARY/17

REFERENCES/19

CHAPTER 2 PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES/27

2.1 PIEZOELECTRIC CONTINUA/28

2.1.1 Distributed Sensing and Vibration Controls/29

2.1.2 Remarks/30

2.2 MULTIPURPOSE SENSORS/31

2.2.1 A Multipurpose Tactile/Acceleration Sensor System/31

2.2.2 Piezoelectricity in a Thick Polymeric PVDF Flat/32

2.2.3 Tactile Response of Polymeric PVDF/34

2.2.4 Design of Polymeric PVDF Tactile Sensors/34

2.2.5 Modeling of the Polymeric Piezoelectric PVDF Sensor/35

2.2.6 Damping Estimation/38

2.2.7 Experimentation/38

2.2.8 Results and Disscusions/40

2.2.9 Summary/45

2.3 HIGH-PRECISION MICRO-ACTUATION/45

2.3.1 A Piezoelectric Bimorph Micro-displacement Actuator/45

2.3.2 Design Concept/47

2.3.3 Piezoelectric Bimorph Theory/47

2.3.4 Finite Element Development/50

2.3.5 Laboratory Experiments/53

2.3.6 Results and Discussions/53

2.3.7 Summary/55

2.4 DUAL-PURPOSE MICRO-ISOLATOR/EXCITER/56

2.4.1 Theoretical Formulation/57

2.4.2 Piezoelectric Exciter/59

2.4.3 Active Vibration Isolation/60

2.5 EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION--PROTOTYPE MODEL 761

2.5.1 Piezoelectric Exciter/61

2.5.2 Results and Discussions/62

2.5.3 Summary/64

REFERENCES/65

APPENDIX: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL DATA/71

CHAPTER 3 SHAPE MEMORY MATERIALS AND DEVICES/72

3.1 BACKGROUND AND FUNDAMENTAL CONCEFFS/72

3.1.1 Characteristics of Shape Memory Materials/72

3.1.2 Crystal Transformation/73

3.1.3 Shape Memory Effect/73

3.1.4 Detailed Electro-thermo-elastic Behavior/74

3.2 DEVICES USING SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS/75

3.2.1 Automotive Applications/76

3.2.2 Aerospace and Aviation/77

3.2.3 Mechanical Devices/78

3.2.4 Medical Applications/79

3.2.5 Bioengineering/81

3.2.6 Common Household/81

3.2.7 Robotics/82

3.2.8 Electronics/83

3.2.9 Consumer Products/83

3.2.10 Developing Application Guidelines/84

3.2.11 Limitations of SMA's/85

3.3 NEW APPLICATIONS/85

3.3.1 Shape Memory Alloys in "Fun" Applications/86

3.3.2 Future Applieations/87

3.3.3 Summary/88

REFERENCES/88

CHAPTER 4 ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS AND DEVICES/90

4.1 ELECTROSTR1CTION OF MATERIAL/90

4.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN ELECTROSTRICS AND PIEZOELECTRICS/93

4.3 MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUE/94

4.4 APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS/97

4.4.1 Actuators/97

4.4.2 Ultrasonic Applications/103

4.4.3 Capacitors/104

4.4.4 Discussions/106

4.4.5 New Horizons/107

4.5 SUMMARY/108

REFERENCES/109

CHAPTER 5 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIALS AND DEVICES/110

5.1 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE PROPERTIES/110

5.2 MAGNETOSTRICTIVE DEVICES/11l

5.2.1 Magnetostrictive Core Line Hydrophone/111

5.2.2 Rare Earth Flextensional Transducer/112

5.2.3 Magnetostrictive Alloys for Hydraulic Valve Control/113

5.2.4 Magnetostrictive Linear Displacement Transducer/113

5.2.5 Spherical Membrane Omnidirectional Loudspeaker/114

5.2.6 Self-biased Modular Magnetostrictive Driver and Transducer/115

5.2.7 Magnetostrictive Roller Drive Motor/116

5.2.8 Low Frequency Sound Transducer/117

5.2.9 Giant Magnetostrictive Alloy (GMA)/118

5.2.10 Temposonics-II Magnetostrictive Sensor/119

5.2.11 Magnetostrictive Clamp/120

5.2.12 Magnetostrictive Transducer for Logging Tool/121

5.3 APPLICATIONS/122

5.3.1 Actuators/122

5.3.2 Magnetostrictive Linear Displacement Transducer/123

5.3.3 High Pressure Pump/124

5.3.4 Magnetostrictive Shaker/125

5.3.5 Antivibration Systems/125

5.3.6 Linear Motors/125

5.3.7 Underwater Communication Equipment/126

5.3.8 Liquid Level Sensor/126

5.3.9 Rotational Vibration Sensor/127

5.3.10 Laves Phase Sensor/127

5.3.11 Human Spinal Monitoring Sensor/128

5.3.12 Human Body Sensor/128

5.4 SUMMARY/128

REFERENCES/130

CHAPTER 6 ER AND MR FLUIDS WITH DEVICES/132

6.1 PROPERTIES OF ER FLUID/132

6.2 APPLICATIONS OF ER FLUID/133

6.2.1 Shock Absorbers/133

6.2.2 Car Suspension Systems/134

6.2.3 Engine Mounts/135

6.2.4 Clutches/136

6.2.5 Monotube Dampers/137

6.2.6 Artificial Limbs/138

6.2.7 Possible Future Uses/139

6.2.8 Summary/139

6.3 PROPERTIES OF MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUID/139

6.4 APPLICATIONS OF MR FLUID/142

6.4.1 Shock Absorbers/142

6.4.2 Dampers and Engine Mounts/144

6.4.3 Brake System/145

6.4.4 Clutches and Couplings/145

6.4.5 Valves and Compression Seals/146

6.4.6 Motors and Pneumohydraulic Drives/146

6.4.7 Heat Transfer Control/146

6.5 DISCUSSIONS AND SUMMARY/147

REFERENCES/148

CHAPTER 7 POLYMERIC GELS AND DEVICES/149

7.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMERIC GELS/149

7.2 APPLICATIONS/151

7.2.1 Fiber Bundles for Artificial Muscles/151

7.2.2 Dimethylformamide and Dimethylsulphoxide Polymer Films/152

7.2.3 Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes (IPEC)/152

7.2.4 Ionic Polymeric Drug Delivery System/152

7.2.5 Artificial Cornea/153

7.2.6 Synthetic Scleral Reinforcement Materials for Surgical Use/154

7.2.7 Biomedical Polymers/155

7.2.8 Molecular Biosensor/155

7.2.9 Polymeric Membrane/156

7.2.10 Polymer Blends/157

7.2.11 Synthetic Polymeric Gels/157

7.2.12 Osmosis Polymeric Membrane/158

7.2.13 ETFE (Polyethylene Tetrafluoroethylene) Microporous Polymeric Membrane/158

7.2.14 Integrated Force Arrays (IFA)/159

7.2.15 Polypyrrole, Poly-N-methylpyrrole, Ply-5-carboxyindole and Polyaniline/160

7.2.16 Material : Polyaniline Film, Polyaniline-polyarbonate (PAn-PC) Film/160

7.2.17 Poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(sodium acrylate) Composite Gel (PVA-PAA Gel)/162

7.3 DISCUSSIONS AND SUMMARY/164

REFERENCES/166

CHAPTER 8 PYROELECTRIC MATERIALS AND DEVICES/167

8.1 PYROELECTRICITY AND FUNDMENTAL THEORY/167

8.1.1 Pyroelectrieity/167

8.1.2 Theory/169

8.2 OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF PYROELECTRICS/172

8.2.1 Materials/173

8.2.2 Infrared Ear Thermometer/174

8.2.3 Optical Wavegnides/175

8.2.4 Mieroehannel Anemometer/176

8.2.5 Determination of Directional Emissivity of Opaque Materials (300 - 600K)/177

8.2.6 Security/177

8.3 PYROELECTRIC APPLICATIONS/177

8.3.1 Sensors/178

8.3.2 Detectors/183

8.4 FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF PYROEI,ECTRIC MATERIALS/186

8.4.1 Biomedical/187

8.4.2 Military/187

8.4.3 Manufacturing/187

8.5 SUMMARY/187

REFERENCES/188

CHAPTER 9 PRECISION SENSOR SYSTEMS/190

9.1 DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS/190

9.1.1 Potentiometric and Strain Gage Position Transducers/190

9.1.2 Strain Gage Displacement Transducers/193

9.1.3 Linear Variable Differential Transformer/194

9.1.4 Inductive Proximity Probe Displacement Measurement Systems/198

9.2 VELOCITY TRANSDUCERS AND SYSTEMS/200

9.2.1 Linear Velocity Transducers/200

9.2.2 Rotary Velocity Transducer/202

9.3 ACCELERATION TRANSDUCERS AND SYSTEMS/205

9.3.1 Strain Gage Aceelerometers/208

9.3.2 Piezoelectric Accelerometers/212

9.3.3 Charge Amplifier Signal Conditioning/216

9.3.4 Voltage Amplifier Signal Conditioning/218

9.4 FORCE AND TORQUE TRANSDUCERS/219

9.4.1 Strain Gage Load Cells/220

9.4.2 Column Member Load Cell/220

9.4.3 Cantilever Beam Load Cell/222

9.4.4 Ring Member Strain Gage Load Cell/223

9.5 TORQUE MEASUREMENT TRANSDUCERS/224

9.6 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS/228

9.6.1 Strain Gage Transducers/230

9.6.2 Piezoelectric Pressure Transducers/231

9.6.3 Effect of Transmission Lines on Measurement of Pressure/231

9.6.4 Short Transmission Lines/232

9.6.5 Long Transmission Lines/233

APPENDICES/235

APX. 1 DEFINITIONS/235

APX. 2 LINEAR PIEZOELECTRICITY RELATIONS/235

APX. 3 ELASTIC, PIEZOELECTRIC AND DIELECTRIC RELATIONS/2362100433B

《智能結構、裝置及結構電子系統(tǒng)設計》旨在培養(yǎng)學生的多學科交叉創(chuàng)新設計能力，突出了理論性、設計性和實踐性的協(xié)調統(tǒng)一?！吨悄芙Y構、裝置及結構電子系統(tǒng)設計》共分9章，系統(tǒng)地介紹了智能結構、裝置和結構電子系統(tǒng)設計的基礎理論、設計方法和設計準則。同時基于大量專利，著重闡述了智能結構、裝置和系統(tǒng)在不同工程技術領域的應用特點和設計實例。

智能結構是由多學科交叉而逐漸形成的一門新學科，而光纖智能結構又是其中的典型研究方向。本書針對光纖智能結構有關基礎問題，從基本的研究思想與方法論、關鍵技術以及應用領域等諸方面進行了較系統(tǒng)的闡述。首先綜述了智能結構；然后主要以復合材料為對象，闡述了光纖智能結構的集成基礎；重點是論述光纖智能結構中的典型光纖傳感器（包括光纖應變傳感器、光纖微彎傳感器、分布式光纖傳感器等）、光纖傳感器網絡和多路復用技術、光纖智能結構的神經網絡處理以及智能結構執(zhí)行器和控制器等關健技術；最后探討與介紹了若干光纖智能結構的應用領域，包括狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與損傷評估、航天器、土木工程、區(qū)學領域以及軍事裝備等。

第1章 緒論

摘要

1.1 引言

1.2 智能結構的思想與方法

1.3 智能結構的研究現(xiàn)狀

1.4 智能結構的關鍵技術

1.5 光纖智能結構的實現(xiàn)方法

1.6 智能結構的應用領域

1.7 智能結構的前景展望

第2章 復合材料結構基礎

摘要

2.1 復合材料簡介

2.2 復合片層

2.3 復合疊層

2.4 片層斷裂分析

2.5 展望

經3章 光纖/復合材料結構的力學分析

摘要

3.1 應力與應變集中

3.2 裂縫

3.3 結構穩(wěn)定性分析

3.4 傳感器性能

3.5 展望

第4章 智能結構中的光纖集成

摘要

4.1 光纖智能結構與復合材料的集成

4.2 光纖涂層設計

4.3 光纖連接方法

4.4 展望

第5章 光纖應變傳感器

摘要

5.1 光纖傳感器概況

5.2 干涉式應變光纖傳感器簡介

5.3 Fabry-perot干涉光纖傳感器

5.4 Bragg光柵光纖傳感器

5.5 雙模橢芯光纖傳感器

5.6 光纖應變傳感器的靈敏度分析

5.7 光纖應變傳感器的解調

5.8 光纖應變感器的應用

5.9 展望

第6章 光纖微彎傳感器

第7章 分布式光纖傳感器

第8章 光纖傳感器網絡和多路復用技術

第9章 光纖智能結構的神經網絡處理

第10章 智能結構執(zhí)行器

第11章 智能結構控制器

第12章 狀態(tài)監(jiān)測與損傷評估的光纖智能結構

第13章 航空器的光纖智結構

第14章 土木工程的光纖智能結構

第15章 醫(yī)學領域的光纖智能結構

第16章 軍事裝備的光纖智能結構

參考文獻2100433B

本書介紹了智能結構的概念和內涵，廣泛分析了壓電智能結構振動系統(tǒng)所涉及的關鍵技術，對結構動力學建模、粒子群尋優(yōu)算法、自適應濾波控制策略及其控制系統(tǒng)的構建進行了深入的研究。本書主要內容包括以下幾個方面：首先，介紹了智能結構振動控制的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的關鍵性技術；其次，利用行波分析法著重分析了壓電智能懸臂梁和L型壓電智能框架結構的動力學建模方法；然后，采用粒子群優(yōu)化策略研究了壓電傳感器作動器位置優(yōu)化問題；最后著重分析了自適應濾波振動控制方法及其性能分析。依據(jù)前幾章的算法分析，搭建結構振動控制實驗平臺，開發(fā)振動控制軟件系統(tǒng)，分別針對所研究的結構振動自適應濾波控制方法及其實現(xiàn)算法進行實驗驗證，并對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進行處理分析。

本書內容主要涉及壓電智能結構動力學分析、壓電元件優(yōu)化配置策略、結構振動自適應濾波控制方法及其算法，以及實驗系統(tǒng)構建和實驗分析驗證等，尤其在自適應濾波控制方法方面進行了深入的探索和有益的實踐，并取得了一些創(chuàng)新性的成果。